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The 2006 ALAI Study Days examined the relationship between copyright and freedom of expression: how the two interact, feeding off and limiting one another, with both being contemplated in international conventions and treaties, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Articles 19 and 27) and the ICESCR.
The first section analyses the relationship between copyright and freedom of expression from both a historical and economic viewpoint, examining whether the traditional arguments justifying them remain valid and taking a closer look at the dualistic nature of copyright, acting as both the driving force behind and a brake on creativity (aware of the fact that, today, only this second aspect is given consideration). An in-depth analysis is carried out of the inherent limits contained within the copyright system to ensure subsequent creation and freedom of expression: the concept of the original work, the definition of exclusive rights and, especially, that of transfer, as well as the specific exceptions contained in countries’ national legislations. In the second part, attention is turned to a broader concept of freedom of access to culture as a requirement to create an environment in which creativity and freedom of expression can flourish. Two separate blocks examine some exceptions to copyright aimed at ensuring freedom of access and use (for informational, news, teaching, research and library purposes) and particularly their application in digital contexts (online libraries, press clipping services, blogs, etc.), as well as some instruments that are outside or ancillary to the field of copyright (such as contractual clauses and technology-based protection measures) that may prevent or restrict a freedom of access and use that is “guaranteed” (as the case may be) by internal limits. Finally, the third part covers freedom of expression in adjoining areas such as trademark and personality rights, to compare their solutions with those adopted in the field of copyright. The book also contains a CD-ROM that includes the complete text of the book, a list of those attending the Days, the questionnaire and the national reports.